Exame Para Ortopedistas da SICOT
The candidate must demonstrate adequate knowledge of the following
Anatomy and embryology of bone and joints
Clinical and functional anatomy of hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand foot, ankle and spine, with an emphasis on applied surgical anatomy
Relevant surgical approaches to upper and lower limbs, pelvis and spine
Embryology; the growth and development of the organs of movement
Anatomy, structure and function of the following soft tissues
Bone
Articular Cartilage
Meniscus
Muscle and tendon
Synovium
Ligament
Nerve
Intervertebral disc
Applied physiology and pathology of the following clinical conditions
Shock -‐ types, physiology, recognition and treatment
Principles of fracture healing
Mechanisms of wound healing
Metabolic and immunological response to trauma
Blood loss and blood transfusion
Fluid balance and resuscitation
Venous Thromboembolism and Thromboprophylaxis
Tendon injury and healing
Ligament injury and healing
Nerve injury and regeneration
Calcium metabolism and hormonal regulation
Haemophilia
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Osteonecrosis
Metabolic bone disease
Rheumatoid arthritis –medical and surgical treatment
Inflammatory and crystal arthropathies
Neuromuscular disorders –assessment and management
Heterotopic ossification
Mechanisms and classification of failure of joint replacement
Mechanisms and classification of peri-‐prosthetic fractures
Tissue repair and the process of regeneration of skin, blood, bone, cartilage, arteries and veins
Grafting techniques of skin, bone, tendons and nerve.
Biomaterials, Implants, Prostheses and Orthoses
Bone grafts, bone banking and tissue transplantation
Biomechanics of bone and joints –hip, knee, ankle, foot, spine, shoulder, elbow and wrist
Biomechanics of fracture fixation
Tribology of joints
Design and rationale of implants
Factors associated with implant failure
Biomaterials
Principles of design of prostheses and orthotics
Principles of orthotic bracing
Basics of Genetics, cell biology, gene structure and genetic disorders
Investigative modalities commonly used
Commonly used blood tests –indications and clinical applications
Musculoskeletal imaging modalities: radiographs, contrast studies, CT, MRI, ultrasound, radioisotope studies, SPECT and PET
Assessment of bone mass and fracture risk –DEXA and Quantitative CT (QCT)
Electrophysiological investigations
Operating theatre and equipment
Design of theatres –different types, laminar flow systems
Tourniquet use and complications
Diathermy use and precautions to be taken
Sterilisation methods commonly employed
Infection prevention and control
Patient warming methods and rationale for each
Skin preparation –principles and techniques
Principles of data management and clinical governance
Data analysis and statistics -‐ principles and applications
Principles of epidemiology
Design and conduct of clinical trials
Quality improvement projects
Clinical Audit -‐ principle's
Principles of research
Principles of evidence based practise
Multimodal and multidisciplinary management of pain in Orthopaedic practise
Normal gait and common gait deviations
Infection
Infection of bone, joint and soft tissue, including tuberculosis
Principles of diagnosis and management of tuberculosis of musculoskeletal system
Assessment, diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis both acute and chronic
Diagnosis and management of necrotizing fasciitis
Management of soft tissue infection of musculoskeletal system
Hospital acquired infection
Prosthetic joint infection –principles of management, especially total hip and knee arthroplasties
Surgery in high risk and immune -‐ compromised patients –precautions and management
Oncology
The candidate must demonstrate adequate knowledge of the following
Common benign and malignant tumours -‐ presentation, investigation and management principles.
Metastatic bone disease –principles of management: prophylactic and definitive fixation of pathological
fractures
Management principles of soft tissue sarcomas
The candidate must be able to describe tumour classes and their behaviour:
Primary lesions
Benign
Latent
Active
Aggressive
Malignant
Metastatic lesions
The candidate must demonstrate adequate knowledge of most common primary benign and malignant bone tumour types: including presentation, radiologic characteristics and natural history, formulating appropriate investigation and management options
Chondroidlesions
Osteoid lesions
Others, including but not limited to, unicameral bone cyst, hemangioma, histiocytosis, lipoma, eosinophilic granuloma,
giant cell tumour, aneurysmal bone cyst, Ewing’s sarcoma, adamantinoma, chordoma, hemangiopericytoma, osteoid
osteoma, osteoblastoma
The candidate must demonstrate adequate knowledge of different primary benign and malignant soft tissue tumours: including presentation, radiologic characteristics and natural history, formulating appropriate investigation and management options
Fibrous lesions
Lipoid lesions
Muscle lesions
Vascular lesions
Nerve lesions
Others, including but not restricted to, myxoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, pigmented
villonodularsynovitis, giant cell tumour of tendon sheath, myositis ossificans, tumoralcalcinosis
The candidate must demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the principles of
Bone biopsy techniques –needle and open
Principles of management of metastatic disease including stabilisation
Treatment of common benign tumours
Treatment of common malignant tumours
Staging of bone tumour
Benign bone and soft tissue tumour excision
Surgical management of malignant bone and soft tissue tumours, principles of limb salvage
Chemotherapy for bone and soft tissue tumours
Radiotherapy for bone and soft tissue tumours
The candidate must demonstrate knowledge to be able to assess the following:
Size of the tumour and its relationship to fascia
Neurovascular and articular involvement
Lymphatic involvement
Sites of metastatic potential for primary musculoskeletal tumours
Organs systems likely to metastasise to the musculoskeletal system
Tumour characteristics including issues specific to age and gender
Anatomy and embryology of bone and joints
Clinical and functional anatomy of hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand foot, ankle and spine, with an emphasis on applied surgical anatomy
Relevant surgical approaches to upper and lower limbs, pelvis and spine
Embryology; the growth and development of the organs of movement
Anatomy, structure and function of the following soft tissues
Bone
Articular Cartilage
Meniscus
Muscle and tendon
Synovium
Ligament
Nerve
Intervertebral disc
Applied physiology and pathology of the following clinical conditions
Shock -‐ types, physiology, recognition and treatment
Principles of fracture healing
Mechanisms of wound healing
Metabolic and immunological response to trauma
Blood loss and blood transfusion
Fluid balance and resuscitation
Venous Thromboembolism and Thromboprophylaxis
Tendon injury and healing
Ligament injury and healing
Nerve injury and regeneration
Calcium metabolism and hormonal regulation
Haemophilia
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Osteonecrosis
Metabolic bone disease
Rheumatoid arthritis –medical and surgical treatment
Inflammatory and crystal arthropathies
Neuromuscular disorders –assessment and management
Heterotopic ossification
Mechanisms and classification of failure of joint replacement
Mechanisms and classification of peri-‐prosthetic fractures
Tissue repair and the process of regeneration of skin, blood, bone, cartilage, arteries and veins
Grafting techniques of skin, bone, tendons and nerve.
Biomaterials, Implants, Prostheses and Orthoses
Bone grafts, bone banking and tissue transplantation
Biomechanics of bone and joints –hip, knee, ankle, foot, spine, shoulder, elbow and wrist
Biomechanics of fracture fixation
Tribology of joints
Design and rationale of implants
Factors associated with implant failure
Biomaterials
Principles of design of prostheses and orthotics
Principles of orthotic bracing
Basics of Genetics, cell biology, gene structure and genetic disorders
Investigative modalities commonly used
Commonly used blood tests –indications and clinical applications
Musculoskeletal imaging modalities: radiographs, contrast studies, CT, MRI, ultrasound, radioisotope studies, SPECT and PET
Assessment of bone mass and fracture risk –DEXA and Quantitative CT (QCT)
Electrophysiological investigations
Operating theatre and equipment
Design of theatres –different types, laminar flow systems
Tourniquet use and complications
Diathermy use and precautions to be taken
Sterilisation methods commonly employed
Infection prevention and control
Patient warming methods and rationale for each
Skin preparation –principles and techniques
Principles of data management and clinical governance
Data analysis and statistics -‐ principles and applications
Principles of epidemiology
Design and conduct of clinical trials
Quality improvement projects
Clinical Audit -‐ principle's
Principles of research
Principles of evidence based practise
Multimodal and multidisciplinary management of pain in Orthopaedic practise
Normal gait and common gait deviations
Infection
Infection of bone, joint and soft tissue, including tuberculosis
Principles of diagnosis and management of tuberculosis of musculoskeletal system
Assessment, diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis both acute and chronic
Diagnosis and management of necrotizing fasciitis
Management of soft tissue infection of musculoskeletal system
Hospital acquired infection
Prosthetic joint infection –principles of management, especially total hip and knee arthroplasties
Surgery in high risk and immune -‐ compromised patients –precautions and management
Oncology
The candidate must demonstrate adequate knowledge of the following
Common benign and malignant tumours -‐ presentation, investigation and management principles.
Metastatic bone disease –principles of management: prophylactic and definitive fixation of pathological
fractures
Management principles of soft tissue sarcomas
The candidate must be able to describe tumour classes and their behaviour:
Primary lesions
Benign
Latent
Active
Aggressive
Malignant
Metastatic lesions
The candidate must demonstrate adequate knowledge of most common primary benign and malignant bone tumour types: including presentation, radiologic characteristics and natural history, formulating appropriate investigation and management options
Chondroidlesions
Osteoid lesions
Others, including but not limited to, unicameral bone cyst, hemangioma, histiocytosis, lipoma, eosinophilic granuloma,
giant cell tumour, aneurysmal bone cyst, Ewing’s sarcoma, adamantinoma, chordoma, hemangiopericytoma, osteoid
osteoma, osteoblastoma
The candidate must demonstrate adequate knowledge of different primary benign and malignant soft tissue tumours: including presentation, radiologic characteristics and natural history, formulating appropriate investigation and management options
Fibrous lesions
Lipoid lesions
Muscle lesions
Vascular lesions
Nerve lesions
Others, including but not restricted to, myxoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, pigmented
villonodularsynovitis, giant cell tumour of tendon sheath, myositis ossificans, tumoralcalcinosis
The candidate must demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the principles of
Bone biopsy techniques –needle and open
Principles of management of metastatic disease including stabilisation
Treatment of common benign tumours
Treatment of common malignant tumours
Staging of bone tumour
Benign bone and soft tissue tumour excision
Surgical management of malignant bone and soft tissue tumours, principles of limb salvage
Chemotherapy for bone and soft tissue tumours
Radiotherapy for bone and soft tissue tumours
The candidate must demonstrate knowledge to be able to assess the following:
Size of the tumour and its relationship to fascia
Neurovascular and articular involvement
Lymphatic involvement
Sites of metastatic potential for primary musculoskeletal tumours
Organs systems likely to metastasise to the musculoskeletal system
Tumour characteristics including issues specific to age and gender
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